Skip to main content

Table 2 Literature review on parental mosaicism since 2009 for cohort studies with more than 10 families

From: Revealing parental mosaicism: the hidden answer to the recurrence of apparent de novo variants

Disease

Author

Year

Sample Size

Sample Type

Detection Method

Parental Mosaicism

 

Paternal

Maternal

Unknown

Total

Percentage

Detectable %VAF

AHC

Yang et al

2019

80 families

Blood/Saliva/Buccal mucosa/Hair/Skin/Urine/Sperm

Deep sequencing/SS/mddPCR

4

2

0

6/80

7.5%

0.03–33.03%

Autism

Krupp et al

2017

2264 families

Blood

ES

63*

49*

0

NA

6.80%

7.9–36.1%

Breuss et al

2020

14 families

Sperm

GS

3

0

0

3/14

21.43%

0.6–14.5%

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

Liu et al

2019

22 families

Blood/Buccal mucosa/Hair/Nails/Urine

Targeted sequencing/SS/MLPA/mddPCR

2

0

0

2/22

9.09%

1.2–-37.38%

Diverse Mendelian Disease

Cao et al

2019

12,000 samples (120 candidate parental mosaic variants)

Blood

ES/Deep sequencing/Sanger Sequencing

14

25

1

40/12,000

0.33%

3.1–67.8%

Gambin et al

2020

2000 families (102 candidate parental mosaic variant)

Blood/Saliva/Buccal mucosa/Hair/Urine

ES/Deep sequencing/ddPCR/BDA

0

0

27

27/102

26.47%

0.3–18.2%

Shu et al

2021

237 families

Blood/Saliva/Buccal mucosa/Hair/Urine

Deep sequencing/ddPCR

4

10

0

NA

3.00%

0.22–34.0%

This study

2022

21 families

Blood/Buccal mucosa/Sperm

ES/SS/BDA/ddPCR

1

2

1

4/21

19.00%

8.7–35.9%

DMD

Helderman-van den Enden et al

2009

318 families

Blood

Haplotyping

0

19

0

19/318

5.97%

NA

Zhong et al

2019

74 families

Blood

Targeted sequencing/MLPA

0

2

0

2/74

2.70%

NA

Epilepsy

Depienne et al

2010

177 families

Blood/Sperm

SS,QAS-PCR, haplotyping

6

7

0

13/177

7.34%

0.04–24%

Xu et al

2015

174 families

Blood/Saliva/Buccal mucosa/Hair/Urine

Deep sequencing/SS/MLPA/dPCR

13

7

0

20/174

11.49%

1.1–32.6%

Yang et al

2017

112 families

Blood/Sperm

Deep sequencing/SS /MLPA/mddPCR

18

11

0

29/112

25.89%

0.01–39.04%

Myers et al

2018

120 families

Blood/Saliva

smMIP

6

4

0

10/120

8.33%

1.4–3.6%

de Lange et al

2019

80 families

Blood

Deep sequencing/ddPCR

3

1

0

4/80

5.00%

0.5–8.0%

Rikke S Møller

2019

75 families

Blood/Buccal mucosa/Urine

Gene panel sequencing

4

1

0

5/75

6.67%

0.8–29%

Holoprosencephaly

Paulussen et al

2010

86 families

Blood/Sperm

SS/haplotyping

0

1

0

1/86

1.16%

NA

Hu et al

2019

136 families

Blood

Targeted sequencing/ddPCR

2

3

0

5/136

3.68%

0.1–13%

ID

Acuna-Hidalgo et al

2017

50 families

Blood

GS

3

1

0

4/50

8.00%

0.22–6.15%

Wright et al

2019

420 families

Blood/Saliva

ES/Deep sequencing

13

8

0

21/420

0.50%

0.5–33.0%

Frisk et al

2022

44 families

Blood/Sperm

ES/ddPCR

2

0

0

2/44

4.55%

1.1–20.24%

Malformation of cortical development

Zillhardt et al

2016

18 families

Blood

ES/ddPCR/SS

1

2

1

4/18

22.22%

4.31–4.57%

Mandibulofacial Dysostosis with Microcephaly

Huang et al

2016

94 families

Blood

Sanger Sequencing/Haplotyping

0

1

0

1/94

1.06%

NA

Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes

Chesneau et al

2021

333 families

Blood

Targeted sequencing/SS/HRMA

2

1

0

3/62

4.84%

1.1–13.6%

MPSII

Alcantara-Ortigoza et al

2016

25 families

Blood//Buccal mucosa/Hair/Urine

SS

0

1

0

1/25

4.00%

NA

OI

Pyott et al

2011

37 families

Blood

SS

2

4

0

6/37

16.22%

NA

Shaheen et al

2012

13 families

Blood

SS

0

0

2

2/13

15.38%

NA

PID

Mensa-Vilaro et al

2019

92 families

Blood//Buccal mucosa/Hair/Urine/Sperm

Gene panel/SS

1

5

1

7/92

7.61%

2.7–21.2%

Rett syndrome

Zhang et al

2018

21 families

Blood/Saliva/Sperm

ddPCR

5

0

0

5/21

23.81%

0.03–7.55%

X-linked ALD

Wang et al

2011

489 families

Blood

SS

1

2

1

4/489

0.82%

NA

  1. AHC: Alternating hemiplegia of childhood; ALD: adrenoleukodystrophy; ES: exome sequencing; VAF: Variant allele frequency; BDA: blocker displacement amplification; DMD: Duchenne muscular dystrophy; dPCR: digital polymerase chain reaction; ddPCR: droplet dPCR; HRMA: high-resolution melting analysis; mddPCR: micro ddPCR; MLPA: Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification; ID: intellectual disability; MPSII: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II; OI: Osteogenesis imperfecta; PID: Primary immunodeficiency diseases; SS: Sanger Sequencing. *Numbers extracted from best practice filter