Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
From: Analyzing the role of ACE2, AR, MX1 and TMPRSS2 genetic markers for COVID-19 severity
Asymptomatic/mild disease n (%) | Severe/critical disease n (%) | OR (CI 95%) | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (n = 330) | 45.3 ± 15.3** | 60.1 ± 12.8** | < 0.001 | |
< 55 years | 126 (67.4%) | 59 (41.3%) | Ref. | < 0.001 |
≥ 55 years | 61 (32.6%) | 84 (58.7%) | 2.94 (1.87–4.62) | |
Gender (n = 330) | 0.477 | |||
Male | 85 (45.7%) | 71 (49.7%) | Ref. | |
Female | 102 (54.3%) | 72 (50.3%) | 0.86 (0.55–1.33) | |
Clinical data | ||||
Ferritin (ng/mL) (n = 216) | < 0.001 | |||
< 258 | 73 (62.4%) | 32 (32.3%) | Ref. | |
> 258 | 44 (37.6%) | 67 (67.7%) | 3.47 (1.97–6.10) | |
D-dimer (ng/mL) (n = 198) | < 0.010 | |||
< 4.77 | 42 (39.9%) | 53 (58.2%) | Ref. | |
> 4.77 | 65 (60.7%) | 38 (41.8%) | 0.46 (0.26–0.82) | |
CRP (mg/L) (n = 211) | < 0.001 | |||
< 19.8 | 74 (65.5%) | 31 (31.6%) | Ref. | |
> 19.8 | 39 (34.5%) | 67 (68.4%) | 4.10 (2.30–7.29) | |
Troponin (ng/L) (n = 71) | 0.440 | |||
< 9 | 11 (44%) | 15 (32.6%) | Ref. | |
> 9 | 14 (56%) | 31 (67.4%) | 1.62 (0.59–4.42) | |
LDH (U/L) (n = 185) | < 0.001 | |||
< 262 | 61 (64.2%) | 33 (36.7%) | Ref. | |
> 262 | 34 (35.8%) | 57 (63.3%) | 3.09 (1.70–5.64) | |
IL-6 (pg/mL) (n = 21) | 0.670 | |||
< 51 | 4 (40%) | 6 (54.5%) | Ref. | |
> 51 | 6 (60%) | 5 (45.5%) | 0.56 (0.09–3.14) | |
Influenza vaccine (n = 198) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 90 (70.3%) | 32 (45.7%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 38 (29.7%) | 38 (54.3%) | 2.82 (1.53–5.14) | |
ICU clinical follow-up | ||||
Artificial respiration (n = 88) | 0.991 | |||
No | 8 (30.8%) | 19 (30.6%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 18 (69.2%) | 43 (69.4%) | 1.00 (0.37–2.71) | |
Pneumonia (n = 330) | ||||
No | 155 (82.9%) | 80 (55.9%) | Ref. | < 0.001 |
Yes | 32 (17.1%) | 63 (44.1%) | 3.81 (2.30–6.31) | |
Systemic inflammatory r. (n = 43) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 4 (33.3%) | 11(35.5%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 8 (66.6%) | 20 (64.5%) | 4.29 (1.33–13.82) | |
Days hospitalized (n = 81) | < 0.001 | |||
< 37 days | 21 (87.5%) | 47 (83.9%) | Ref. | |
≥ 37 days | 4 (12.5%) | 9 (16.1%) | 4.16 (2.34–7.41) | |
Symptomatology | ||||
Skin affection (n = 131) | 0.077 | |||
No | 62 (96.9%) | 59 (88.1%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 2 (3.1%) | 8 (11.9%) | 4.20 (0.85–20.61) | |
Anosmia (n = 143) | 0.800 | |||
No | 59 (81.9%) | 57 (80.3%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 13 (18.1%) | 14 (19.7%) | 1.11 (0.48–2.57) | |
Ageusia (n = 144) | 1.000 | |||
No | 56 (77.8%) | 56 (77.8%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 16 (22.2%) | 16 (22.2%) | 1 (0.45–2.19) | |
Myalgia (n = 140) | 0.270 | |||
No | 44 (64.7%) | 40 (55.6%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 24 (35.3%) | 32 (44.4%) | 1.46 (0.74–2.89) | |
Headache (n = 140) | 0.225 | |||
No | 53 (74.6%) | 45 (65.2%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 18 (25.4%) | 24 (34.8%) | 1.57 (0.75–3.25) | |
Fever (n = 172) | 0.033 | |||
No | 42 (49.4%) | 29 (33.3%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 43 (50.6%) | 58 (66.7%) | 1.95 (1.05–3.62) | |
Dyspnoea (n = 143) | 0.360 | |||
No | 41 (56.9%) | 35 (49.3%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 31 (43.1%) | 36 (50.7%) | 1.36 (0.70–2.62) | |
Asthenia (n = 130) | 0.722 | |||
No | 33 (50%) | 30 (46.9%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 33 (50%) | 34 (53.1%) | 1.13 (0.56–2.26) | |
Long Covid (n = 69) | 0.385 | |||
No | 26 (61.9%) | 14 (50%) | Ref. | |
Yes | 15 (35.7%) | 14(50%) | 1.62 (0.62–4.27) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Cancer (n = 3) | 1(100%) | 3 (10%) | ||
Obesity (n = 18) | 0 (0%) | 18 (90%) | ||