Transcriptomic analysis of monocytes from HIV-positive men on antiretroviral therapy reveals effects of tobacco smoking on interferon and stress response systems associated with depressive symptoms

Table 2 Immune/interferon response genes associated with CES-D depression scores ≥ 16 in logistic regression models adjusted for HIV status and tobacco smoking

Gene	Description	Continuous expression (per glog₂ increase)		Categorical expression (highest vs. middle and lowest tertiles)
Gene	Description	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
IFI35	Interferon induced protein 35	2.49 (1.06, 6.29)	0.041	1.93 (0.78, 4.76)	0.15
IFNAR1	Interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1	3.07 (1.00, 10.45)	0.059	2.72 (1.09, 6.85)	0.032
OAS1	2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1	1.97 (1.07, 3.85)	0.035	2.35 (0.95, 5.87)	0.064
OAS2	2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2	2.37 (1.07, 5.68)	0.039	2.67 (1.07, 6.72)	0.035
PGM2	Phosphoglucomutase 2	9.35 (1.63, 64.55)	0.016	3.50 (1.42, 8.89)	0.0070
PSMD1	Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	16.80 (2.33, 157.17)	0.0081	4.14 (1.66, 10.71)	0.0026
STAT1	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	1.99 (0.92, 4.46)	0.083	2.41 (0.97, 6.01)	0.056
SP100	SP100 nuclear antigen	6.77 (0.96, 52.49)	0.058	1.96 (0.76, 5.00)	0.16

Separate multivariable logistic regression models were fit for each indicated gene with CES-D depression scores ≥ 16 (n = 30) vs. < 16 as outcome variable for n = 115 samples with available CES-D data. All models were adjusted by a categorical variable for HIV and smoking status. CES-D, Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio

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